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Denizli - Pamukkale
 
Pamukkale is located in the Inner Aegean region at a distance of 20 km from the town of Denizli.The tectonic movements that took place in the fault depression of the Menderes river basin gave rise to the emergence of a number of very hot springs, and it is the water from one of these springs, with its large mineral content, chalk in particular, that has created the natural wonder now known as Pamukkale, Cotton Fortress or Baumwollenschloss, a very appropriate name for such a phenomenon. With the formation of the layers and the emergence of steps and terraces one above the other, the water leaves the limestone deposit behind it and drips down in the form of stalactites, as in the Damlatas caverns.The calcium oxide in the water adds to the thickness of the white layers and widens the terraces, producing pools in fantastic shapes reminiscent of oyster shells or flower petals, while the small amount of sulphur and iron oxide produces stripes of yellow, red and green over the white of the limestone. Any object left in the water at Pamukkale will take on a coating of limestone within a very few days. Now, as in the olden days, the water flows through open channels, and in cold weather you can see columns of mist dancing over the surface.

 


Hierapolis Archeological Museum

One of the largest buildings of Hierapolis Ancient Town was the Roman Bath. Since 1984 this building has been used as the Hierapolis Archeology Museum. Alongside works of art from the excavations at Hierapolis are finds from Laodicea, Colossae, Tripolis, Attuda and other towns of the Lycus (Çürüksu) Valley.

In addition, the museum has a large section devoted to artifacts found at Beycesultan Höyük that includes some of the most beautiful examples of Bronze Age crafts.
Material which has come the surface in the Caria, Pisidia and Lydia regions are also on display in the museum. The museum's exhibition space consists of the three closed areas of the Hierapolis Bath and the open areas on the eastern side which are known to have been the library and the gymnasium. Many of the large exhibits and all the small exhibits are shown in rooms A, B and C that were the three closed sections of the bath. Marble and other stone artifacts are exhibited in the garden.


Denizli Atatürk and Ethnographical Museum
Denizli Atatürk and Ethnographical Museum is located in Denizli. There is no definitive date of construction for the building in the Ucancibasi quarter of the town that is used as the museum now. Tradition has it, however that it was built by a Greek named Kimon Vandazofulus.
The building is undecorated save for a molded covering with a wiggle and groove design and wooden columns. Most of the upper floor of the building is devoted to the exhibition of ethnographic artifacts. The room in which Atatürk stayed on his visit to Denizli, however, is preserved with his baroque style desk, divan, brass bedstead and his wardrobe. One room is kept as an example of how a typical Denizli family would have lived 30 to 40 years ago. Beautiful examples of necklaces, weapons, clothes, printed clothes and Turkish works of art are exhibited on the upstairs landing.


Laodiceia
Laodicea is situated in a good geographical location on the south side of the Lycus River, 6 km north of Denizli. The city was called ''Laodikeia on the side of the Lycus'' in ancient sources. Laodicea was the most famous and important city in the 1st century B.C. The remains of the city are dated from this era. The Romans made the city the center of Kybira's conventus (Golhisar-Horzum) because of the geographical setting.

Ruins of Laodicea: Big Theater, Small Theater, Stadium and Gymnasium, Monumental Nypheum, Council Building, Zeus Temple, Big Church.


Tripolis
Tripolis is situated about 40 km north of Denizli, east of Buldan and Yenicekent Towns, at the foot of a hill which is between Buyuk Menderes River and Yenicekent Town. Tripolis was one of the frontier centers of commerce and agriculture in the Lydia Region which supplied transportation between Karia, Phrygia and Tripolis. It was one of the richest cities of the region because of its strategic location. It is believed to have been founded by citizens of Pergamum. The best extant monuments date from the 1st - 3rd centuries A.D. According to Plinius, another name of the city was Apollonia. There are names of the goddess Leto, Letoia Phthia Games and the Menderes River on their coins. The city suffered many earthquakes and wars during the course of history. Tripolis is mentioned in the list of participants at the Council of Nicaea in 325 A.D. This shows Tripolis was an important religious city during that time period.
Ruins of Tripolis: Theater, Bath, Council Building, Castle and City Walls, Necropolis.


Hierapolis (PAMUKKALE)
Hierapolis is about 20 km north of Denizli. It is called a Holy City in Archeological literature, because there were many temples and religious buildings in Hierapolis. The ancient city is situated between several historical areas. According to the ancient geographers, Strabon and Ptolemaios, Hierapolis was very close to Laodicea and Tripolis which was in Kario's Border. That's why it was a Phrygian City. There is no information about Hierapolis' history before the Hellenistic Era, but we know there was a city there before then. It's called Hierapolis because of its Mother goddess Cult.


Colossae
Colossae is situated 25 km east of Denizli and 2 km north of Honaz Town.The ancient city is situated on the west foothills of Mount Honaz (Mt. Cadmos) next to the Aksu River. It's on the southeast road, which was used in ancient times as well. It was one of the most important centers in greater Phrygia. According to Xenephon, Colossae was one of the six largest cities. Unfortunately, there are not any important ruins left from Colossae except rock tombs and rooms on the rocky hill.


Eumenia
The ancient city Eumenia is located in Işıklı Town, which is on the Çivril-Dinar Highway. It was built in honor of the King of Pergamum, Eumenes II. Ancient signs can be seen southwest of the town next to the water source, especially on the hill, which is called Sarıbaba Tekkesi today. The castle dates from the Byzantine Period. The Necropolis of Eumenia is located in the foothills.


Herakleia Salbace
The ancient city Herakleia Salbace is within Medet Village's border, which is 10 km northwest of Tavas Town. The city center was situated mostly on the north where the city walls were. Herakleia Salbace was located on the Phrygia-Caria Border on Mt. Babadag's southern foothills which overlook the Tavas Plain. It's known as Karia City. Aphrodisias and Caria Cities are next to each other and the natural border is the Tmelos (Kirpinar) Creek. The river god was Tmelos in both cities. Herakleia is the modern city of its period and its neighbors were Aphrodisias on the west, Apollonia and Tabae on the south, Sebastopolis and Kidramos on the southeast. Important ruins include Roman Period city walls and a stadium.


Tabae

Tabae is situated at the 78th km of the Denizli-Muğla Highway. It looks like a natural castle. It's one of the City States of Anatolia which was founded after Alexander the Great. It has had a continuous habitation since its foundation in the Hellenistic Era. The city also minted coins in his name. The coins were silver but later they started to mint bronze coins. There are ruins of a Roman Bath and an Ottoman mosque.


Attuda
Attuda (Hisarköy) is located 17 km southwest of Denizli-Sarayköy Town. It was a border city in ancient times between Caria and Phrygia. The shortest route from Tripolis and Laodicea to Aphrodisias passed through Attuda. The date of the founding of the city is unknown, but it is estimated that the city was founded in the Hellenistic Era like the other cities in the Lycus Valley. The city had a role in bonding the cities in Lycus Valley to Aphrodisias in art and economy. Ancient sources state that there was a statue of a god called Men mounted on a horse in a temple which was built in his honor. It's also written in ancient sources that statues of Zeus, Apollon, Dionysos, Asklepios and the cult of Artemis Anaitis are also in Attuda. Coins were minted in Attuda before and after the Empire.The ruins cannot be seen because the village of Hisarköy is on them, but some of the works of art from Hellenistic, Roman, and Byzantine periods are on display in a store.


Apollonia Salbace

Apollonia is located about 7 km north of Denizli's Tavas Town on a flat plain in Medet Village. The city is situated on a fruitful section of the Tavas Plain that has connections to Caria on the west via Tabea Road, to Likia on the south via Sebastopolis Road, and to Phrygia on the east via Tavas Road. There is no definite documentation regarding the founding of the city. But according to the ruins and antiques which were found in excavations in Apollonia, it is believed that the city was continuously inhabited from the Bronze Age onward. The city's name comes from the Hellenistic Era. Its golden years were during the Roman Period. Apollon Temple, which was founded in the Hadrianus Era, and its inscriptions have survived to modern times.